T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Theo T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 7 tri\u1ec7u ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn (PM2.5 v\u00e0 PM10), nit\u01a1 dioxide (NO2), l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh dioxide (SO2) v\u00e0 ozone (O3). Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m giao th\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
1. B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn (PM2.5 v\u00e0 PM10)<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t. PM2.5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2.5 micromet, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0o m\u00e1u. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi PM2.5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
2. Nit\u01a1 dioxide (NO2)<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Nit\u01a1 dioxide ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. NO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i m\u00e3n t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 hen suy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3. L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh dioxide (SO2)<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh dioxide ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. SO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh hen suy\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n
4. Ozone (O3)<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Ozone \u1edf t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5i. Ozone th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
1. B\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 NO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, hen suy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i m\u00e3n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em s\u1ed1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao h\u01a1n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em s\u1ed1ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
2. B\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 PM2.5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng 10 \u00b5g\/m3 PM2.5 th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong do b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng 8%.<\/p>\n
3. Ung th\u01b0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. WHO \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 benzene l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao h\u01a1n m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
4. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam v\u00e0 stress oxy h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n
1. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec xe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb giao th\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
2. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
3. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
4. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tim m\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, aviamaster2.com \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nghi\u00ean<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[854],"tags":[1925],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102725"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102726,"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102725\/revisions\/102726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenplansconsult.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}